PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Pamirs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean		Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean								Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean								Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian								Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian								Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian								Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian								Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian							66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic							100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian					259.51
		Wordian							Midian					264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian							Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian					273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian							Bolorian					283.5
		Artinskian							Yakhtashian					286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian	Atokan		Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan		Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Meramecian			335.8 *
			Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian		443.8
		Katian				Bolindian		445.2
						Eastonian		449 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian				Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian				Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian				Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian	470
						Bendigonian	471.8 *
						Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian				Lancefieldian	477.7
						Warendian	482.8 *
						Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian				489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan						509
						Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
						Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian						514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian						521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
														538.8