PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan				150
										Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian						Warepan				208.5
										Otamitan				217
										Oretian				221
				Carnian						Oretian				227
				Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian						Etalian				238
				Anisian						Etalian				242
				Anisian						Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian						Nelsonian				249
				Induan						Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan					DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian		Makarewan				251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian	253.2			Dorashamian
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
				Murgabian					266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian					273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian			276
				Bolorian					279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
				Yakhtashian		Telfordian			286
				Yakhtashian					288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †					Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian						298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian						303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian						305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian						307
			Moscovian	Atokan			312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan			315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan			318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			323.2
			Visean	Chesterian			330.9
				Meramecian			335.8 *
				Osagean			343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean			346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian			443.8
			Katian				Bolindian			445.2
							Eastonian			449 *
							Gisbornian			452 *
			Sandbian				Gisbornian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian			458.4
			Dapingian				Yapeenian			467.3
			Dapingian				Castlemainian			468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian			470
							Bendigonian			471.8 *
							Lancefieldian			473.5 *
			Tremadocian				Lancefieldian			477.7
			Tremadocian				Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400