PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								259.51
				Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								264.28
				Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian	Bursumian †											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian							Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
				Kasimovian	Missourian											303.7
				Kasimovian	Desmoinesian											305.9 *
				Moscovian	Desmoinesian							Middle Pennsylvanian				307
				Moscovian	Atokan							Middle Pennsylvanian				312.7 *
				Bashkirian	Atokan							Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
				Bashkirian	Morrowan							Early Pennsylvanian				318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian							Late Mississippian				323.2
Visean				Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian		393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian						Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian								499.5
			Drumian						Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian						Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan						Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
									Toyonian			510 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3						Botomian			514
			Stage 3						Atdabanian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian			521
			Stage 2									525.5
			Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635