PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian										Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian											3
		Zanclean			Waipipian											3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian											3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan											7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan											11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian											13.82
					Clifdenian											15.1
				Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian											15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian											23.03
					Duntroonian											25.2
					Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Arnold	Runangan											34.6
					Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan											37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian											41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
					Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan											47.8
					Mangaorapan											48.9
					Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian											56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian											66
		Campanian			Haumurian											72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
					Mangaotanean											90.5
					Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan											93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
					Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan											100.5
					Urutawan											103.3
				Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian			Korangan											113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke		Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke		Puaroan	149.2
				Kawhia		Ohauan	150
						Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Herangi		Ururoan	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	176
							Planulata	179.3 *
							Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
							Kanense		181.3 *
							Carlottense		182.3 *
							Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae		184.2
							Freboldi		185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Aratauran	Whiteavesi/Imlayi			188.9
										189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian								192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour		Otapirian				201.4
		Norian				Warepan				208.5
						Otamitan				217
						Oretian				221
		Carnian				Oretian				227
		Carnian		Gore		Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian				Etalian				238
		Anisian				Etalian				242
		Anisian				Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian				249
		Induan				Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan		DUrville		Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan				251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan				Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian					259.51
		Wordian				Flettian					264.28
		Wordian				Barettian					266
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian					276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian					283.5
						Telfordian					285
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian									Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian						305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian			Atokan						Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan						Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Late Mississippian						323.2
		Visean	Chesterian		Middle Mississippian						330.9
			Meramecian								335.8 *
			Osagean								343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean		Early Mississippian						346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		Early Mississippian						351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli										Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian											425.6
		Gorstian										Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian										Buildwas	Gleedonian	427.4
											Wych	Woolhope	Gleedonian	428.4 *
													Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Telychian												436.3 *
		Aeronian												438.5
		Aeronian									Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8		Cowleigh Park
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
																509