PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian			Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian						3
		Zanclean			Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian						13.82
					Clifdenian						15.1
				Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian						23.03
					Duntroonian						25.2
					Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Arnold	Runangan						34.6
					Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian						41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
					Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan						47.8
					Mangaorapan						48.9
					Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian						56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian			Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
					Mangaotanean						90.5
					Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan						93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
					Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan						100.5
					Urutawan						103.3
				Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian			Korangan						113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian		303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
							Huashibanian		318.5 *
							Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian	Late Mississippian		330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Visean				Jiusian	Middle Mississippian		335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	504.5
											509