PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Devonian of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan													150
							Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan													176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan													184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran													188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
				Norian			Warepan													208.5
							Otamitan													217
							Oretian													221
				Carnian			Oretian													227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan													237
				Ladinian			Etalian													238
				Anisian			Etalian													242
				Anisian			Malakovian													246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian													247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian													249
				Induan			Nelsonian													251.2
				Induan		DUrville	Makarewan													251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan													251.902
				Changhsingian			Waiitian													253.2
				Wuchiapingian			Waiitian												Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan												Longtanian †	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian													259.51
Wordian				264.28			Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli						Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian										Pirgu	445.2
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
													Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
													Haljala		453.9
													Kukruse		456.4 *
													Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Uhaku		458.4
													Lasnamagi		458.9 *
													Aseri		460.4 *
												Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
													Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
													Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian										Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian										Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian													470
														Latorp †		470.1 *
													Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian										Hunneberg			477.7
													Varangu			481.3 *
	Pakerort												482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †		497
			Drumian													500.5
			Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4														509
		Series 2	Stage 3														514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian															635
			Tonian															720
			Tonian														Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
			Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																				1400