PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of North America						Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian													Pannonian			7.246
		Serravallian													Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian													Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites											168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum										168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense										174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons											180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum											182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni											184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi											192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
		Induan																251.2
		Induan			Kathwai													251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai													251.902
																		252.4 *
					Chhidru													252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru												Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh													255 *
					Wargal													256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
																		265.3 *
					Amb													266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb													266.9
		Roadian																270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian			Cazenovian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian			393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
		Dapingian											467.3
		Dapingian								Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean		473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean		477.7
								Stairsian		480.3 *
								Skullrockian		Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10							487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †				497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																		509