PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of North America		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian				Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian					Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean					Ruscinian						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Turolian						5.333
		Tortonian					Turolian						7.246
		Tortonian					Vallesian						8.7
		Serravallian					Astaracian						11.63
		Langhian					Astaracian						13.82
		Burdigalian					Orleanian						15.98
		Burdigalian					Agenian						20
		Aquitanian					Agenian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian					66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic					100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran				514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8