PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein					Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes							Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian									Wordian			264.28
		Roadian									Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian		Autunian								Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian										Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian										Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian											Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian											Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian											Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean											Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	Cayugan	419.2
					Kaugetuma	Cayugan	421.7 *
					Kaugetuma	Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		Lockportian			427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu		Lockportian			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian		438.7 *
					Raikkula					439.4 *
						Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †			497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †				504.5
														509