PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian																				11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
		Wordian																				264.28
		Roadian																				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
		Artinskian																				283.5
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian																				293.52
		Asselian															Kuzel					297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Kuzel		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
																	Stephanian	Stephanian C				300.3 *
																		Stephanian B				300.9 *
																		Stephanian A				301.4 *
		Kasimovian																Stephanian A				303.7
		Kasimovian																Cantabrian				305 *
		Moscovian																Cantabrian	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Westphalian C	309.8
				Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Westphalian A		317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
				Marsdenian		320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
				Alportian		322 *
				Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
				Arnsbergian		324 *
				Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	Cayugan	419.2
						Kaugetuma	Cayugan	421.7 *
						Kaugetuma	Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		Lockportian	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Raikkula				439.4 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
											Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
												Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian					450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
													Cheneyan			451.5 *
													Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian														453
														Actonian †		453.2 *
											Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
														Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †			455.2 *
													Aurelucian				456.8 *
										Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
												Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
											Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
											Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
											Tulean		Whitlandian						473.9 *
													Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian										Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
											Stairsian		Migneintian						480.3 *
											Stairsian		Cressagian						480.8 *
											Skullrockian		Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
																		Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10																	485.4
		Stage 10																	487.5
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †															497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		504.5
																						509