PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8				Senonian				66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4				Gallic				100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2				Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian		Roadian		Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	Permian 2								273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian									281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian									283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian									286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian									290.1
		Asselian	Nealian		Permian 1	293.52
		Asselian	Nealian		Permian 1	Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	Kuzel		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
						Stephanian			Stephanian C		300.3 *
									Stephanian B		300.9 *
									Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian		307
						Westphalian			Westphalian D		307.4 *
									Westphalian C		309.8
									Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B		315.2
									Westphalian A		317 *
						Namurian			Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian	Chokierian		323.2
									Arnsbergian		324 *
									Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	Warnantian		Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian		330.9
						Livian		Asbian †			336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1							529
														538.8