PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8				Senonian				66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4				Gallic				100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2				Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2								273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1								293.52
		Asselian			Permian 1		Kuzel						297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9		Kuzel
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian			Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian			Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian			Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Warnantian	Brigantian †		Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Ivorian			Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Hastarian		353.7 *	Early Mississippian
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle				Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2		419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle				Bringewood/Elton			421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian	Wych				Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan						Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1			529
													538.8