PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian																	7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian																	11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian																	12.8 *
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
		Wordian																				264.28
		Roadian																				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
		Artinskian																				283.5
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian																				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian																	Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian																	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian																	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean																	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian																	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
							Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
							Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
							Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Nabala		Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
							Nabala		Edenian			450.4 *
						Viru	Rakvere		Edenian			450.6 *
							Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
							Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian					Keila				Idavere †	453
							Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
							Haljala					453.9
							Kukruse					456.4 *
							Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku						458.4
							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
									Rangerian					469.1 *
							Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg								473.7 *
									Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean						477.7
									Stairsian						480.3 *
							Varangu		Stairsian						481.3 *
							Varangu		Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
							Pakerort								482.2 *
															Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
															Aksaian			490.7 *
															Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian														Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian															499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian															500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan															Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan																509
			Toyonian												Lenian †				510 *
			Botomian																512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian																514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian																515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian																521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian																525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian												Manykaian †				529
																						538.8