PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																			Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian																	7.246
		Serravallian				Sarmatian																	11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian																	12.8 *
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																					33.9
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																					56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																					259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																					273.01
		Artinskian																					283.5
		Sakmarian																					290.1
		Asselian																					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian																		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian																		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian																		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean																		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian																		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
								Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
								Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
								Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Nabala		Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
								Nabala		Edenian			450.4 *
							Viru	Rakvere		Edenian			450.6 *
								Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
								Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian						Keila				Idavere †	453
								Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
								Haljala					453.9
								Kukruse					456.4 *
								Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku						458.4
								Lasnamagi						458.9 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
										Rangerian					469.1 *
								Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg								473.7 *
										Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean						477.7
										Stairsian						480.3 *
								Varangu		Stairsian						481.3 *
								Varangu		Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
								Pakerort								482.2 *
																Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
																			487.5
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
																Aksaian			490.7 *
																Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian																	494
		Paibian																Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan													Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan																	509
			Toyonian														Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian																	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian																	514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian																	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian																	521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian																	525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian														Manykaian †			529
																							538.8