PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan							56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian								66
		Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan								72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
		Visean													330.9
		Tournaisian													346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan		445.2
				Cautleyan		448.9 *
				Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
				Pusgillian		449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
				Cheneyan			451.5 *
				Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
				Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
				Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
			Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
						Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian		470
				Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
						Lancefieldian		473.5 *
				Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
				Cressagian				480.8 *
				Cressagian		Warendian		482.8 *
						Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4						Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran				514
								Montezuman				514.8 *
								Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
															538.8