PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Britain				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian of Eastern North America	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian											Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
				Bajocian												Humphresianum					168.4
				Aalenian											Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
															Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
															Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
				Pliensbachian											Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
				Sinemurian											Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
				Hettangian											Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian																	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
				Kasimovian																	303.7
				Moscovian																	307
				Bashkirian																	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																	323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
								Streffordian	Berounian			449.7 *
								Cheneyan				451.5 *
								Burrellian				452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †			456.2 *
								Aurelucian									456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
										Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn									458.4
									Dobrotivian								458.5 *
									Oretanian								459.7 *
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn									461.3 *
										Sarka †							461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
									Arenigian							468
							Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian								470
								Whitlandian								471.1 *
								Moridunian							474.3 *
			Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian	Tremadocian						477.7
							Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
															485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
			Jiangshanian												489.5
			Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †												497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian														509
		Stage 3	Branchian														514
		Stage 3	Placentian														517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian																Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau	1000
		Stenian																Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																Burzyan	1375
																					1400