PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean		Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean								Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean								Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian								Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian								Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian								Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian								Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum						168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu	445.2
					Vormsi	449.6 *
					Nabala	Johvi †			450 *
				Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
					Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †			453
					Haljala				453.9
					Kukruse				456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku				458.4
					Lasnamagi				458.9 *
					Aseri				460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov					467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
						Latorp †				470.1 *
					Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			Datsonian		485.4
										486.3 *
							486.5
							Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian	489.5
		Paibian					Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan	Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian			499
		Drumian					Undillan			500.5
		Drumian					Floran			503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Ordian			Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Ordian				509
														510.8 *