PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian of Eastern North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene						Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian							Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene				Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene			Gashatan					56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites										168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum									168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense									174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons										180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum										182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni										184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi										192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian					Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian						259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian						264.28
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
											Filipovian						276.5 *
											Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Irginian	285.9 *
				Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan					Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian					Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian					Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
								Oeland		Kunda	462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg					477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort					485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509