PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian			Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian						Lujanian					0.129
				Chibanian						Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Calabrian						Ensenadan					0.774
				Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
				Gelasian						Sanandresian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Vorohuean			Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Zanclean						Chapadmalalan					3.6
										Montehermosan					3.7 *
										Huayquerian			Baodean		4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
										Chasicoan					7.9 *
										Mayoan					9.9 *
										Laventan					10.9 *
													Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian											11.63
				Serravallian						Colloncuran					13.7 *
				Langhian						Colloncuran			Shanwangian		13.82
				Langhian						Friasian					15.4 *
				Burdigalian						Friasian					15.98
										Santacrucian					16.2 *
										Santacrucian			Xiejiaan		16.9
										Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
				Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian					20.44
				Aquitanian						Deseadan					20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
				Rupelian											27.82
				Rupelian						Tinguirirican					28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican					33.9
				Priabonian						Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Lutetian						Mustersan					41.9 *
				Ypresian						Mustersan					47.8
				Ypresian						Casamayoran					47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican					56
										Itaboraian					56.9 *
										Peligran					58.9 *
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
				Danian						Tiupampan					62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian						66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic						100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian					Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
						Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
							Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †		453
							Haljala			453.9
							Kukruse			456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku			458.4
							Lasnamagi			458.9 *
							Aseri			460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg			477.7
							Varangu			481.3 *
							Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort			485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
Stage 3		Series 2	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
															1400