PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Pamirs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Yushean		Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean							Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean							Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian							Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian							Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian							Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian							Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian							Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian							Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian					259.51
		Wordian						Midian					264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian						Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian					273.01
		Kungurian						Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian						Bolorian					283.5
		Artinskian						Yakhtashian					286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bolindian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Kralodvorian	Eastonian		449 *
					Berounian	Eastonian		449.7 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian				458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †	Yapeenian			467.3
					Arenigian		Yapeenian			468
							Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian			470
							Bendigonian			471.8 *
							Lancefieldian			473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
													509