PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian										66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic										100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian										125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan					150
												Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian										Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian										Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian										Warepan					208.5
												Otamitan					217
												Oretian					221
		Carnian										Oretian					227
		Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian										Etalian					238
		Anisian										Etalian					242
		Anisian										Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian										Nelsonian					249
		Induan										Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan									DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Makarewan					251.902
		Changhsingian										Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian										Waiitian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian										Puruhauan				Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Aparima	Flettian					259.51
		Wordian	264.28									Flettian
		Wordian	Barettian	266
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
			Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
					Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian		443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470						Arenigian
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †			504.5
																	509