PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian						Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian						Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian						Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian						Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian						Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian						Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian						Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian						Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian						Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian						Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian						Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian						Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan				150
													Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian									Warepan				208.5
													Otamitan				217
													Oretian				221
				Carnian									Oretian				227
				Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian									Etalian				238
				Anisian									Etalian				242
				Anisian									Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian									Nelsonian				249
				Induan									Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan								DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian		Makarewan				251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian	253.2						Dorashamian
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian		264.28
						Barettian		266
				Murgabian				266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian				273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian				279.8
			Artinskian					283.5
						Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian		Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Bolindian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bolindian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Kralodvorian	Eastonian		449 *
								Berounian	Eastonian		449.7 *
									Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian				458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †	Yapeenian			467.3
								Arenigian		Yapeenian			468
										Castlemainian			468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian			470
										Bendigonian			471.8 *
										Lancefieldian			473.5 *
			Tremadocian					Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			477.7
			Tremadocian					Tremadocian		Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
	Drumian		500.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																	1400