PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Australia	Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan			150
										Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian						Warepan			208.5
										Otamitan			217
										Oretian			221
				Carnian						Oretian			227
				Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian						Etalian			238
				Anisian						Etalian			242
				Anisian						Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian			247.2
				Olenekian						Nelsonian			249
				Induan						Nelsonian			251.2
				Induan					DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian		Makarewan			251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian	253.2			Dorashamian
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
				Murgabian					266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian					273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian			276
				Bolorian					279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
				Yakhtashian		Telfordian			286
				Yakhtashian					288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian	Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian		443.8
			Katian				Bolindian		445.2
							Eastonian		449 *
							Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian				Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian				Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian				Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian		470
							Bendigonian		471.8 *
							Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian				Lancefieldian		477.7
			Tremadocian				Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400