PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Permian Subages of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of North America		Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian				100.5
											Middle Albian				106.2 *
											Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian				113
		Aptian									Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian				139.8
											Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
											Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				Late Bajocian				168.2
								Humphresianum			Late Bajocian				168.4
								Humphresianum			Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			Late Toarcian				174.7
											Late Toarcian				180.1
											Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Middle Toarcian				182
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian									Sevatian				208.5
											Alaunian				213.2 *
											Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian									Tuvalian				227
		Carnian									Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian				237
		Ladinian									Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian									Illyrian				242
											Pelsonian				243.8 *
			Bithynian	244.7 *
			Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller		Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian	Leine		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian			Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian				Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian							Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian								Chientangkiangian		445.2	Wufeng †
		Katian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian								Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian		477.7
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
															509