PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Lujanian			0.0117
		Chibanian										Lujanian			0.129
		Chibanian										Ensenadan			0.3 *
		Calabrian										Ensenadan			0.774
		Calabrian										Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian										Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Vorohuean		Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian										Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
		Zanclean										Chapadmalalan			3.6
												Montehermosan			3.7 *
												Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
												Chasicoan			7.9 *
												Mayoan			9.9 *
												Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian										Laventan			11.63
		Serravallian										Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian										Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian										Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian										Friasian			15.98
												Santacrucian			16.2 *
												Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
		Aquitanian										Colhuehuapian			20.44
		Aquitanian										Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
		Rupelian										Tinguirirican			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian										Tinguirirican			33.9
		Priabonian										Divisaderan			35.9 *
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Lutetian										Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian										Mustersan			47.8
		Ypresian										Casamayoran			47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Riochican			56
												Itaboraian			56.9 *
												Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
		Danian										Tiupampan			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan					150
										Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian		Warepan	208.5
				Otamitan	217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian		Oretian	227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian		Etalian	238
		Anisian		Etalian	242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			264.28
				Barettian			266
					Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
				Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
					Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
				Telfordian			285
				Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
					Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian			Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								504.5
															509