PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Kasimovian																303.7
		Moscovian																307
		Bashkirian																315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
		Visean																330.9
		Tournaisian																346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
				Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
				Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian				450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian				453
				Turinian				453.7 *
				Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
					Dobrotivian						458.5 *
					Oretanian						459.7 *
						Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
					Arenigian						468
				Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
				Stairsian								480.3 *
				Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
													Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
													Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													489.5
														Steptoean	493 *
													Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian											Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran					Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	Caerfai				509
		Stage 4									Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran						514
											Montezuman						514.8 *
											Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																		538.8