PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
		Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
									Filipovian			276.5 *
									Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
									Irginian			285.9 *
									Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian						Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
			Uskalykian	294.8
			Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Paibian				494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian		Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4			Duyunian		Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3			Nangaoian		Dyeran				514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian						530.7
												538.8