PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian				66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic				100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian				Warepan							208.5
						Otamitan							217
						Oretian							221
		Carnian				Oretian							227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian				Etalian							238
		Anisian				Etalian							242
		Anisian				Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian							249
		Induan				Nelsonian							251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	Meishanian						251.902
						Waiitian	Meishanian						253.2
							Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian					Longtanian †	254.14
						Puruhauan	Laoshanian						254.2
			Laibinian	257.7 *		Puruhauan
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Kuhfengian		264.28
		Wordian		Barettian			266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian		273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
				Telfordian			285
				Telfordian	Longlinian		285.4 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian						Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian							Paibian		494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian						530.7
													538.8