PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian				66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic				100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel						297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel			Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C					300.3 *
						Stephanian B					300.9 *
			Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Stephanian A			303.7
		Kasimovian	Cantabrian			305 *
		Moscovian	Cantabrian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Westphalian		Westphalian D			307.4 *
					Westphalian C			309.8
					Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
					Westphalian A			317 *
			Namurian		Yeadonian			318.8 *
					Marsdenian			320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
					Alportian			322 *
					Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	Late Mississippian		323.2
					Arnsbergian			324 *
					Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian		Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Livian		Asbian †			336.3 *
			Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian			Early Mississippian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian	353.7 *		Early Mississippian
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
		Paibian				Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian		499
		Drumian				Undillan		500.5
		Drumian				Floran		503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian		Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian			509
											510.8 *