PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian		Nihewanian		0.0117
		Chibanian			Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian			Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian			Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian			Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean		Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian			Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
		Zanclean			Chapadmalalan				3.6
					Montehermosan				3.7 *
					Huayquerian		Baodean		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
					Chasicoan				7.9 *
					Mayoan				9.9 *
					Laventan				10.9 *
							Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian							11.63
		Serravallian			Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian			Colloncuran		Shanwangian		13.82
		Langhian			Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian			Friasian				15.98
					Santacrucian				16.2 *
					Santacrucian		Xiejiaan		16.9
					Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian			Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
		Rupelian			Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian			Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian			Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian							37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Lutetian			Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian			Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian			Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Riochican				56
					Itaboraian				56.9 *
					Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian	489.5
		Paibian			Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian		499
		Drumian			Undillan		500.5
		Drumian			Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		Stage 5 †		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian				509
									510.8 *