PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of Western Europe		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian								MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †					MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian								MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean								MN 15	3.6
										MN 14	4.2
										MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian								MN 12	7.246
										MN 11	7.75
										MN 10	8.7
										MN 9	9.7
										MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian								MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian								MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian								MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian								MN 4	15.98
										MN 3	16.9
										MN 2	20
		Aquitanian								MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian								MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
			Stephanian				Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian			Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian			Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian			Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Warnantian			Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian			Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Ivorian				346.7
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Hastarian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian			485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian			489.5
		Paibian			Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian				499
		Drumian			Undillan				500.5
		Drumian			Floran				503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian	Stage 5 †			504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian	Stage 5 †			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian				509
											510.8 *