PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Central Paratethys Stages	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian							Pannonian				7.246
				Serravallian							Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
				Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian						Bumbanian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan						56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †							298.9
				Kasimovian				Mapingian †							303.7
				Kasimovian											305.9
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
				Visean											330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian			489.5
				Aksaian			490.7 *
				Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian				494
			Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †		497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan						509
				Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
				Botomian						512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian						514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian						515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian						521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400