PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene						Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller					259.51
		Wordian							Leine					264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian								Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian			Jiangshanian			489.5
					Aksaian						490.7 *
					Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian						Paibian			494
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian				499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian			Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan			Duyunian					509
					Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
					Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian			Nangaoian					514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian			Nangaoian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			Meishucunian					521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian				Manykaian †							529
		Fortunian				Manykaian †		Jinnigian					530.7
														538.8