PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian					Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian					Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian					Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian					Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian					Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian					Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian					Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian					Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan				150
												Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian								Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian								Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian								Warepan				208.5
												Otamitan				217
												Oretian				221
				Carnian								Oretian				227
				Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian								Etalian				238
				Anisian								Etalian				242
				Anisian								Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian								Nelsonian				249
				Induan								Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan							DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian		Makarewan				251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian	253.2					Dorashamian
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian		264.28
						Barettian		266
				Murgabian				266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian				273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian				279.8
			Artinskian					283.5
						Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian		Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	443.8
			Katian					Bolindian	445.2
								Eastonian	449 *
								Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian					Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian					Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
								Bendigonian	471.8 *
								Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian					Lancefieldian	477.7
								Warendian	482.8 *
								Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian				489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan	Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan					509
							Toyonian		Lenian †			510 *
							Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian					514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian					521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																1400