PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous Subepochs	Silurian of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian						Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian											66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic											100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian											125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
									Planulata						179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
									Kanense						181.3 *
									Carlottense						182.3 *
									Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian							Kunae						184.2
									Freboldi						185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian													192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian	489.5
							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †				497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
							Toyonian						510 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian			514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian		521
															525.5