PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian										Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian										Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian										Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian										Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian										Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian										Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian							Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian							Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Permian 4	Meishanian				251.902
		Changhsingian											Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								Laoshanian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								Laibinian		Longtanian †		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								Kuhfengian				264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							Permian 3	Kuhfengian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Permian 2	Luodianian				273.01
		Artinskian											Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian											Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1										Longlinian
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian	Wych			Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4		453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3				458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †	Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian					Albertian †	Cambrian 4	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian					Marjumian						Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan						Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran								Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran					Waucoban †				509
		Stage 4					Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran						Cambrian 2			514
							Montezuman									514.8 *
							Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1			529
																	538.8