PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of France	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
		Bartonian						MP 16						37.71
		Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
		Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5					56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan			150
											Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian									Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian									Warepan			208.5
											Otamitan			217
											Oretian			221
		Carnian									Oretian			227
		Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian									Etalian			238
		Anisian									Etalian			242
		Anisian									Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian			249
		Induan									Nelsonian			251.2
		Induan								DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Makarewan			251.902
		Changhsingian									Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian									Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Aparima	Flettian			259.51
		Wordian	264.28								Flettian
		Wordian	Barettian	266
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
			Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian					Paibian		494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian					Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian					Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian		Duyunian			509
		Stage 3					Branchian		Nangaoian			514
		Stage 3					Placentian		Nangaoian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian			530.7
														538.8