PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian				66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic				100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan							150
							Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian					Warepan							208.5
							Otamitan							217
							Oretian							221
		Carnian					Oretian							227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian					Etalian							238
		Anisian					Etalian							242
		Anisian					Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian							249
		Induan					Nelsonian							251.2
		Induan				DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan	Meishanian						251.902
							Waiitian	Meishanian						253.2
								Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian					Longtanian †	254.14
							Puruhauan	Laoshanian						254.2
			Laibinian	257.7 *			Puruhauan
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Kuhfengian		264.28
		Wordian		Barettian			266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian		273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
				Telfordian			285
				Telfordian	Longlinian		285.4 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian							Paibian		494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian							Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian				Duyunian			509
		Stage 3				Branchian				Nangaoian			514
		Stage 3				Placentian				Nangaoian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian			530.7
														538.8