PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America				Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian													Wordian			264.28
		Roadian													Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian														Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian														Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian													Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian														Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian														Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian															Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian															Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian															Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean															Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	445.2
					Richmondian	446 *
					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
					Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
					Stairsian				480.3 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
								Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
						Payntonian					486.8 *
						Payntonian					487.5
		Jiangshanian				Iverian					489.5
							Aksaian				490.7 *
							Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian				Idamean					494
		Paibian				Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †	497
						Mindyallan						Arcadian		498.4
						Boomerangian								499
						Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian				Undillan								500.5
		Drumian				Floran								503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian							Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian			509
							Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
							Toyonian							510.8 *
							Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian							514
							Atdabanian							515.6 *
							Atdabanian				Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian							521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																		538.8