PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of North America	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran															0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian															0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian															0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan															1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan															1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian															2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian														Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian															3
		Zanclean			Waipipian															3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian															3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean															5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan															7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan															7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan															11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan															11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian															13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian															13.82
					Clifdenian															15.1
				Pareora	Altonian															15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian															15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian															18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian															20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian															21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25													23.03
					Duntroonian															25.2
					Whaingaroan															27.3
		Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A														33.9
				Arnold	Runangan															34.6
					Kaiatan															36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan	MP 16														37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian	MP 16														39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11														41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan															42.6
					Heretaungan															45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7														47.8
					Mangaorapan															48.9
					Waipawan															52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5													56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian															66
		Campanian			Haumurian															72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan															83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan															86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
					Mangaotanean															90.5
					Arowhanan															93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan															93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian															95.2
					Motuan															99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan															100.5
					Urutawan															103.3
				Taitai	Korangan															108.4
		Aptian			Korangan															113
		Aptian																		117.5
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
							Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian				450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian				453
							Turinian				453.7 *
							Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	Zahorany †/Vinice		457 *
									Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
			Sarka †									461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †									467.3
								Arenigian				468
						Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tulean							477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
														Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
														Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														489.5
															Steptoean	493 *
														Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian												Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †	St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian															Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan								Stage 5 †						504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran								Stage 5 †						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran								Branchian	Waucoban †	Caerfai				509
		Stage 4		Dyeran														511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran														514
				Montezuman														514.8 *
				Montezuman								Placentian						517.1
				Begadean														519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																529
																				538.8