PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean			Cenozoic 6				0
				Meghalayan		Santarosean							0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean							0.014
				Chibanian		Rancholabrean							0.129
				Chibanian		Irvingtonian							0.21
				Calabrian		Irvingtonian							0.774
				Calabrian		Blancan							1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean		Hemphillian							4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian		Clarendonian							9.4
				Serravallian		Clarendonian			Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Serravallian		Barstovian							12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
						Hemingfordian							16.3
						Arikareean							18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4				23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
						Whitneyan							29.5
						Orellan							31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian			Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Priabonian		Duchesnean							37
				Bartonian		Duchesnean							37.71
				Bartonian		Uintan							39.7
				Lutetian		Uintan			Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Lutetian		Bridgerian							46.2
				Ypresian		Bridgerian							47.8
						Wasatchian							50.5
						Clarkforkian							54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian			Cenozoic 1				56
				Thanetian		Tiffanian							56.2
				Selandian		Tiffanian							59.2
				Selandian		Torrejonian							60.9
				Danian		Torrejonian							61.6
				Danian		Puercan							63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2				184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian		251.902
			Changhsingian		Baoqingian		253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Laibinian		Longtanian †	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan			259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian			264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian			273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian			283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian			285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian			290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian			298.9
			Gzhelian					300.1
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Series 3 †		497
			Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Branchian			509
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Branchian			514
			Stage 3			Placentian			517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
													635