PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain			Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian					Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
											Filipovian			276.5 *
											Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
											Irginian			285.9 *
											Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian								Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
			Uskalykian	294.8
			Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian				489.5
										Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian					Paibian				494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai		Duyunian		Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4					Duyunian		Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3					Nangaoian		Dyeran				514
									Montezuman				514.8 *
									Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian						530.7
														538.8