PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia		Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian											Pannonian					7.246
				Serravallian											Sarmatian					11.63
				Serravallian											Badenian					12.8 *
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian																293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
				Visean																330.9
				Tournaisian																346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
							Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
							Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
							Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †	453
							Haljala				453.9
							Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
									Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
							Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
							Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
						Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †					467.3
								Arenigian						468
							Billingen							469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort	Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															486.3 *
						486.5
						Sunwaptan									487.5
										Festiniogian					489.2 *
			Jiangshanian												489.5
						Steptoean									493 *
										Maentwrogian					493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids				Marjumian				Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							Marjumian						500.5
			Wuliuan							Topazan						Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan							Delamaran						Stage 5 †	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai				Delamaran				Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4							Dyeran							511 *
			Stage 3							Dyeran							514
										Montezuman							514.8 *
										Begadean							519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian	Karatau														800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian	Karatau														1000
			Stenian	Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian	Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan	1375
																				1400