PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages		Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene				Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian							66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan							72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian								Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian								Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian								Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian								Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian								Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian								Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian								Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian	489.5
						Aksaian	490.7 *
						Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian	Paibian				494
		Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian		497
		Guzhangian	Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian	Drumian				Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian	Drumian				Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian						509
							Toyonian		510 *
							Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian				Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian				Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian				Tommotian		521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian						530.7
											538.8