PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene				Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Gashatan								56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian							Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
					Filipovian									276.5 *
					Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
					Irginian									285.9 *
					Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Southwoodian		Cazenovian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian			393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
														509