PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene								Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene										7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene						Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene										13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene										15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			Cenozoic 4				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25			Cenozoic 4				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene		MP 16				Cenozoic 3				37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Cenozoic 2				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian							Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian							Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian							Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian							Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian							Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian							Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian							Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian							Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian							Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2				184.2
				Sinemurian							Jurassic 1				192.9
				Hettangian							Jurassic 1				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian							Triassic 4				208.5
				Carnian							Triassic 3				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1				247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan		Kathwai									251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai					Permian 4	Meishanian			251.902
															252.4 *
						Chhidru									252.9 *
												Baoqingian			253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian								Laoshanian		Longtanian †	254.14
						Kalabagh									255 *
						Wargal									256 *
												Laibinian			257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Lengwuan			259.51
Wordian				Kuhfengian					264.28
									265.3 *
						Amb			266.1 *
Roadian						Amb			Permian 3	266.9
Roadian									Permian 3	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Permian 2					Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian						Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian						Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian						Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1					Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian							300.1
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Series 3 †		497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †		Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †		Wonokan †		571.7 *
															635