PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene						Yushean		Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene						Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene						Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian							Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene						Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene						Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene						Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian							Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian							Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	Buntsandstein								251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian								Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller								259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian	Leine								264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian									273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian									283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian									285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian		293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
								300.1
						Stephanian		Stephanian C		300.3 *
								Stephanian B		300.9 *
								Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian		307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D		307.4 *
								Westphalian C		309.8
								Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B		315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian			Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Livian			Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian				Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian				Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
													509