PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126138 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Ordovician of the Baltic				European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene												0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene						MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene						MN 16					Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene						MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene						MN 15						3.6
									MN 14						4.2
									MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene						MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian							MN 12						7.246
									MN 11						7.75
									MN 10						8.7
									MN 9						9.7
									MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene						MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian							MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian							MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene						MN 4						15.98
									MN 3						16.9
									MN 2						20
		Aquitanian							MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian							MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene												33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene												37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene												41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene												56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene												59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian										Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan		150
													Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian											Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian										Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian											Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian											Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian											Warepan		208.5
													Otamitan		217
													Oretian		221
		Carnian		227									Oretian
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	307					Cantabrian
			Westphalian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian				Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian				Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian					346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien						408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	Bolindian	445.2
										Pirgu	Eastonian	449 *
										Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
										Oandu	Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila		Idavere †	453
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian				Uhaku	458.4
										Lasnamagi	458.9 *
										Aseri	460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Yapeenian							467.3
						Castlemainian							468.5 *
				Billingen	469.3 *	Castlemainian
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian	470
					Chewtonian	Latorp †					470.1 *
					Bendigonian						471.8 *
					Lancefieldian						473.5 *
				Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg							477.7
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
					Warendian						482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
															509