PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ammonite Chrons of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian					0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene				Lujanian					0.129
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene				Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene				Ensenadan					0.774
				Calabrian					Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
				Gelasian					Sanandresian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene				Vorohuean				Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian	Late Pliocene				Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene				Chapadmalalan					3.6
									Montehermosan					3.7 *
									Huayquerian					4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene									5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
									Chasicoan					7.9 *
									Mayoan					9.9 *
									Laventan					10.9 *
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene				Laventan					11.63
				Serravallian					Colloncuran					13.7 *
				Langhian					Colloncuran					13.82
				Langhian					Friasian					15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene				Friasian					15.98
									Santacrucian					16.2 *
									Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
				Aquitanian					Colhuehuapian					20.44
				Aquitanian					Deseadan					20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene									23.03
				Rupelian	Early Oligocene									27.82
				Rupelian	Early Oligocene				Tinguirirican					28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene				Tinguirirican					33.9
				Priabonian	Late Eocene				Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene									37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Lutetian					Mustersan					41.9 *
				Ypresian	Early Eocene				Mustersan					47.8
				Ypresian	Early Eocene				Casamayoran					47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene				Riochican					56
									Itaboraian					56.9 *
									Peligran					58.9 *
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
				Danian	Early Paleocene				Tiupampan					62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras			168.2
				Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
				Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
											Planulata			179.3 *
											Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
Kanense						181.3 *
Carlottense						182.3 *
Kunae						183.5 *
Kunae				Pliensbachian		184.2
Freboldi						185.1 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi						Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras						Canadensis	190.3 *
				Sinemurian			192.9
Pseudaetomoceras							Psiloceras	196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian							Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Couvinien				Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Pragian		Coblencien				Pragian	408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine				Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian					Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau			1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan			1375
														1400