PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126006 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene												0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene												5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene												7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene												11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene												13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene												15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene												33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene												37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene												41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene												56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene												59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites										168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum									168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense									174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons										180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum										182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni										184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi										192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian			393.3
		Pragian		Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig					Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian		477.7
			Tremadoc			Cressagian		480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			497
		Guzhangian						Arcadian			498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian							509
		Stage 3			Branchian							514
		Stage 3			Placentian							517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
															538.8